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1 MATERIAL MECHANICS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Continuum Mechanics
1.2.1 Definition of a Material
1.2.2 Continuum Assumption
1.2.3 Main Variables
1.2.4 Conservation Laws
1.3 Constitutive Equation
1.3.1 Physical Origin
1.3.2 General Characteristics
1.3.3 Effect of Change in Frame of Observation
1.3.4 Solids and Fluids
1.3.5 Simple Shear and Viscometric Flows
1.4 Viscometric Flows
1.4.1 Free Surface [...]

1 MATERIAL MECHANICS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Continuum Mechanics
1.2.1 Definition of a Material
1.2.2 Continuum Assumption
1.2.3 Main Variables
1.2.4 Conservation Laws
1.3 Constitutive Equation
1.3.1 Physical Origin
1.3.2 General Characteristics
1.3.3 Effect of Change in Frame of Observation
1.3.4 Solids and Fluids
1.3.5 Simple Shear and Viscometric Flows
1.4 Viscometric Flows
1.4.1 Free Surface Flow over a Plane
1.4.2 Flow between Parallel Disks
1.4.3 Flow between a Cone and a Plate
1.4.4 Flow between Two Coaxial Cylinders
1.4.5 Flow in a Cylindrical Conduit (Poiseuille Flow)
References
2 RHEOPHYSICS OF PASTES AND GRANULAR MATERIALS
2.1 Interactions between Material Elements
2.1.1 Hydrodynarnic Interactions
2.1.2 Colloidal Interactions
2.1.3 Interactions between Bubbles or Droplets
2.1.4 Interactions between Two Solid Particles
2.1.5 Classification of Forces
2.2 Rheology of Soft Jammed Systems (Pastes)
2.2.1 Solid Regime: Viscoelasticity
2.2.2 Solid-Liquid Transition: Yielding
2.2.3 Liquid Regime: Flow
2.2.4 Time Effects: Thixotropy
2.2.5 Synthesis
2.3 Rheology of Granular Materials
2.3.1 Frictional Regime
2.3.2 Collisional Regime
2.3.3 Frictional-Collisional Regime Transition
2.4 Rheology of Granular Pastes
2.4.1 Frictional Regime
2.4.2 Lubricational Regime
2.4.3 Frictional-Lubricational Regime Transition
References
3 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES AND PROBLEMS lN PASTE VISCOMETRY
3.1 Experimental Procedures
3.1.1 Setup of the Material
3.1.2 Viscoelasticity in the Solid Regime
3.1.3 Yielding: Solid- Liquid Transition
3.1.4 Flow Curve
3.1.5 Thixotropy
3.1.6 Effect of Heterogeneity in Shear Rate
3.2 Wall Slip
3.2.1 Physical Origin
3.2.2 General Mechanical Characteristics
3.2.3 Couette Flow
3.2.4 Parallel Disks
3.2.5 Cone-Plate Flow
3.2.6 Capillary Flows
3.2.7 Wall Slip, Yielding, and Fracture
3.2.8 How to Avoid Wall Slip
3.3 Shear Localization
3.3.1 Plateau in Flow Curve and Viscosity Bifurcation
3.3.2 Modeling
3.3.3 Shear Banding
3.3.4 Implications for Paste Rheometry in the Continuum Regime
3.3.5 Paste Rheometry in the Discrete Regime
3.4 Surface Tension Effects
3.4.1 Surface Tension in Simple Liquids
3.4.2 Surface Tension for Non-Newtonian Liquids
3.5 Drying
3.5.1 Evaporation
3.5.2 Drying Regimes
3.5.3 Drying Rates during Rheometrical Tests
3.5.4 Effect of Drying on Rheometry
3.5.5 Countermeasures
3.6 Phase Separation
3.6.1 Sedimentation
3.6.2 Migration
3.6.3 Segregation
3.6.4 Consequences in Rheometry
3.7 Cracking
3.8 Temperature Effects
3.9 Inertia Effects and Turbulence
3.9.1 "Macroscopic" Inertia Effects
3.9.2 Turbulence
References
4 LOCAL RHEOMETRY
4.1 Techniques for Measuring the Velocity Field in Fluids
4.1.1 Principles of NMR
4.1.2 Principles of MRI
4.1.3 Principles of MRI Velocimetry
4.1.4 Resolution and Difficulties
4.2 Rheological Interpretation of Velocity Profiles
4.2.1 Aspects of Velocity Profiles in Couette and Capillary Flow for Typical Rheological Behavior
4.2.2 Rheological Analysis from One Velocity Profile
4.2.3 Rheological Analysis from a Set of Velocity Profiles
4.3 Velocity Profile Reconstruction From Rheometry
4.3.1 Local Flow Properties as a Function of Stress History
4.3.2 Reconstruction of the Profiles of Rotation Velocity and Rotation Angle
4.3.3 Application to Simple Shear Stress Histories
4.3.4 Specific Behavior Types
4.3.5 Wall Slip Effect
4.3.6 Inclined Plane Flow
References
5 NONVISCOMETRIC FLOWS OF YIELD STRESS FLUIDS
5.1 Displacement of an Object Through a Yield Stress Fluid
5.1.1 Drag and Buoyancy Forces
5.1.2 Displacement of a Long Object along Its Axis
5.1.3 Displacement of a Compact Object of Any Shape
5.2 Squeeze or Stretch Flows
5.2.1 Lubricational Regime
5.2.2 Elongational Regime
5.2.3 Intermediate Cases
5.2.4 Squeeze or Stretch Flow between Two Planes Forming a Dihedral
5.2.5 Squeeze or Stretch Flow of a Long Band between Two Parallel Planes
5.2.6 Flow Instabilities
5.3 Spreading or Coating Flows
5.3.1 Gravity Flow of a Yield Stress Fluid over an Inclined Plane
5.3.2 Spreading Over a Rotating Surface
5.3.3 Coating by the Relative Displacement of Two Almost Parallel Planes
5.3.4 Flow Instability
5.3.5 Role of Surface Tension in (Stable) Spreading Flows
References
6 GRANULAR FLOWS lN FRICTIONAL REGIME
6.1 Viscometric Flows
6.1.1 Couette Flow
6.1.2 Annular Shear Cell
6.2 Free Surface Flows
6.2.1 Granular Heaps over Horizontal Surfaces
6.2.2 Granular Heaps over Inclined Surfaces
6.2.3 Granular Flow
6.3 Conduit Flows
6.3.1 Stress Distribution in a Straight Conduit
6.3.2 Flow Rate through a Conical Aperture
6.4 Compression Flows
6.5 Displacement of an Object
6.6 Free Surface Flow of a Granular Paste
6.6.1 Granular Paste Flowing over an Inclined Plane
6.6.2 Liquefaction of a Granular Paste at Rest over a Horizontal Plane
References
7 PRACTICAL RHEOMETRICAL TECHNIQUES
7.1 Tests Involving Displacement of an Object through Fluid
7.1.1 Penetrometer
7.1.2 Displacement of an Object Immersed in Fluid
7.1.3 Fall of an Object under Gravity through a Vibrating Fluid
7.2 Tests Involving Squeeze Flows
7.2.1 Simple Squeeze Tests
7.2.2 Imperfect Squeeze Test
7.2.3 Band Squeezing
7.2.4 Slump Test
7.2.5 Chopin Alveograph
7.3 Tests Involving Spreading or Coating Flows
7.3.1 Consistometer
7.3.2 Inclined Plane Test
7.3.3 Ericksen Gauge
7.3.4 Atterberg Limits
7.4 Tests Involving Conduit Flows
7.5 Practical Tests for Granular Materials
7.5.1 Friction Coefficient from Quasistatic Flow Regime
7.5.2 Flows in Frictional Regime
7.6 Study of Thixotropy using Practical Rheometrical Tests
7.7 Applications to Industrial and Environmental Materials
7.7.1 Foodstuffs
7.7.2 Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Materials
7.7.3 Environmental Materials
7.7.4 Civil Engineering Materials
References
INDEX