Infodoc : Sciences, Techniques et Culture

SECTION I: Research Methodology
A. Assessment Methods for Research and Practice
CHAPTER 1: Dietary Assessment Methodology
1. Introduction
II. Dietary Assessment Methods
Ill. Dietary Assessment in Specific Situations
IV. Dietary Assessment in Special Populations
V. Selected Issues in Dietary Assessment Methods
References
CHAPTER 2: Assessment of Dietary Supplement Use
I. Introduction
II. Methods for Assessing Dietar[...]

SECTION I: Research Methodology
A. Assessment Methods for Research and Practice
CHAPTER 1: Dietary Assessment Methodology
1. Introduction
II. Dietary Assessment Methods
Ill. Dietary Assessment in Specific Situations
IV. Dietary Assessment in Special Populations
V. Selected Issues in Dietary Assessment Methods
References
CHAPTER 2: Assessment of Dietary Supplement Use
I. Introduction
II. Methods for Assessing Dietary Supplement Intake
III. Dietary Supplement Composition Databases for Analysis of Dietary Supplement Intake
IV. The Dietary Supplement Label
V. Authoritative Information and Resources about Dietary Supplements
VI. How to Report Problems with Dietary Supplement Intake
VII. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 3: Physical Assessment of Nutritional Status
I. Introduction
II. Components of Clinical Assessment
III. Anthropometric Assessment
IV. Body Composition Assessment
V. Physical Manifestations of Malnutrition
VI. Functional Assessment
VII. Multicomponent Assessment Tools
VIII. Summary
References
CHAPTER 4: Energy Requirement Methodology
I. Introduction
II. Components of Energy Expenditure
III. Total Energy Expenditure
IV. Recommended Energy Intakes
References
B. Research and Applied Methods for Observational and Intervention Studies
CHAPTER 5: Application of Research Paradigms to Nutrition Practice
I. Introduction
II. Broad Research Areas
III. Evidence-Based Practice
IV. Translational Research
V. Summary
References
CHAPTER 6: Overview of Nutritional Epidemiology
I. Introduction
II. Principles of Exposure Measurement in Nutritional Epidemiology
III. Study Designs Used in Nutritional Epidemiology
IV. Interpretation of Cause and Effect in Nutritional Epidemiology
V. Obstacles to Finding Associations of Dietary Intake and Disease Risk
VI. Future Research Directions
References
CHAPTER 7: Analysis, Presentation, and Interpretation of Dietary Data
I. Introduction
II. Analysis of Dietary Data
III. Presentation of Data
IV. Interpretation of Data
V. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 8: Current Theoretical Bases for Nutrition Intervention and Their Uses
I. Introduction
II. The Importance of Understanding Influences on Dietary Behavior
III. What Is Theory?
IV. Explanatory and Change Theories
V. Unique Features of Dietary Behavior to Consider When Using Theory
VI. Important Theories and Their Key Constructs
VII. Findings Regarding Applications of Theory to Nutritional Behavior
VIII. Constructs and Issues across Theories
IX. Implications and Opportunities
References
CHAPTER 9: Nutrition Intervention: Lessons from Clinical Trials
I. Introduction
II. Conceptual Models of Motivation
III. Theories Used in Achieving Dietary Behavior Change in Clinical Trials
IV. Summary
References
CHAPTER 10: Tools and Techniques to Facilitate Nutrition Intervention
I. Introduction
II. The Nutrition Education and Counseling Process
III. The Teaching/Leaming Process
IV. Nutrition Education Techniques
V. Behavior Change Techniques
VI. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 11: Evaluation of Nutrition Interventions
I. Introduction
II. Overview: Types of Nutrition Intervention Pro gram Evaluations
III. Outcomes or Endpoints Used to Assess Intervention Effectiveness
IV. Design of Nutrition Intervention Evaluations
V. Measurement Issues When Assessing Dietary Change and Other Intervention Outcomes
VI. Dietary Assessment Instruments and Their Applicability for Intervention Evaluation
VII. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 12: Biomarkers and Their Use in Nutrition Intervention
I. Introduction
II. Biomarkers of Dietary Intake or Exposure
III. Functional Biomarkers
IV. Biomarkers of Genetic Susceptibility
V. Criteria for Selecting and Using Biomarkers
VI. Summary
References
SECTION II: Nutrition for Health Maintenance, Prevention, and Disease-Specific Treatment
A. Food and Nutrient Intake for Health
CHAPTER 13: Nutrition Guidelines to Maintain Health
I. Introduction
II. Guidelines for Nutrient Adequacy and Safety
III. Guidelines for Healthy Food Choices
IV. Beyond Food and Nutrient Guidelines: Physical Activity Guidelines
V. Summary
References
CHAPTER 14: Nutrition, Health Policy, and the Problem of Proof
I. Background Considerations
II. The Matter of Proof
III. Approaches
IV. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 15: Choline and Neural Development
I. Introduction
II. Choline Metabolism and Biochemistry
III. Choline in Foods and Dietary Requirements
IV. Choline and Neural Development
V. Long-Lasting Consequences of Prenatal Choline Availability
VI. Implications for Human Brain Development
References
CHAPTER 16: Antioxidants in Health and Disease
I. Introduction
II. Antioxidants in Disease Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention
III. Overall Conclusion and Discussion
References
CHAPTER 17: Nutrients and Food Constituents in Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disease
I. Introduction
II. Gender Differences in Dementia
III. Oxidative Stress in Aging
IV. Inflammation
V. Age-Alzheimer Disease Parallels
VI. Polyphenol Supplementation and Reductions of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
VII. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 18: Diet and Supplements in the Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases
I. Introduction
II. Cataract
III. Age-Related Macular Degeneration
IV. Diabetic Retinopathy
V. Summary
References
CHAPTER 19: Nutrition Requirements for Athletes
I. Introduction
II. Energy Requirements for Athletes
III. Carbohydrate Requirements for Athletes
IV. Protein Requirements for Athletes
V. Micronutrient Requirements for Athletes
VI. Fluid Requirements for Athletes VII. Nutrition and Training Adaptations
References
CHAPTER 20: Nutrition for Children with Special Health Care Needs
I. Introduction
II. The Role of Nutrition in Preventing Developmental Problems
III. The Functional Approach to Nutrition Assessment for Children with Special Needs
IV. Evidence-Based Interventions for Selected Conditions
V. Conclusion
References
B. Overweight and Obesity
CHAPTER 21: Genetics of Human Obesity
I. Introduction
II. Genetic Epidemiology of Human Obesity
III. Gene-Environment Interactions
IV. Gene-Gene Interactions
V. The Obesity Gene Map
VI. Single-Gene Obesity in Humans
VII. Rare Genetic Syndromes with Obesity as a Prominent Feature
VIII. Evidence from Linkage Studies of Obesity Phenotypes
IX. Studies of Candidate Genes for Obesity and Related Phenotypes
X. Clinical Implications of the Discovery of Obesity Genes
References
CHAPTER 22: Obesity: Overview of Treatments and Interventions
I. Introduction
II. Assessment of Overweight and Obesity
III. Lifestyle Modification
IV. Pharmaceutical Intervention
V. Surgical Treatment
VI. Special Issues in the Treatment of Pediatric Obesity
VII. Acute Weight Loss versus Maintaining Long-Term Weight Loss
VIII. The Future of Weight Management
References
CHAPTER 23: Obesity: The Role of Physical Activity in Adults
I. Introduction
II. Current Physical Activity Recommendations for Weight Loss and Prevention of Weight Regain
III. Relationship of Physical Activity to Obesity in Populations
IV. Energy Expenditure and Etiology of Obesity
V. Role of Physical Activity in Treatment (Weight Loss) of Overweight and Obesity: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials
VI. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 24: Macronutrient Intake and the Control of Body Weight
I. Introduction
II. Fat Chance
III. Establishing Causal Links
IV. Is It Fat or Energy Density?
V. Are Carbohydrates the Culprit Responsible for Overweight?
VI. Energy Compensation for Fat and Sugar Substitutes
VII. Protein Paradox
VIII. Summary and Implications of the Research on Macronutrients and Intake
References
CHAPTER 25: Behavioral Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity: Diet and Physical Activity
I. Introduction
II. Physical activity
III. Dietary Factors
IV. Summary and Public Health Recommendations
V. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 26: Dietary Approaches to Exploit Energy Balance Utilities for Body Weight Control
I. Introduction
II. Does a Small Positive Energy Balance Lead to Substantive Weight Gain Over Time?
III. Mechanisms for Dietary Approaches to Moderate Energy Balance
IV. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 27: Properties of Foods and Beverages That Influence Energy Intake and Body Weight
I. Introduction
II. Variety
III. Energy Density
IV. Portion Size
V. The Complex Eating Environment
References
C. Cardiovascular Disease
CHAPTER 28: Genetic Influences on Blood Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
I. Introduction
II. Exogenous Lipoprotein Pathway
III. Endogenous Lipoprotein Metabolism
IV. Reverse Cholesterol Transport
V. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 29: The Role of Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
I. Introduction
II. Dietary Fat
III. Dietary Carbohydrate
IV. Dietary Protein
V. Alcohol
VI. Dietary Cholesterol
VII. Plant Sterols/Stanols
VIII. Supplements
IX. Food-Based Guidance
X. Summary/Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 30: Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Hypertension
I. Introduction
II. Individual Nutrients and Blood Pressure
III. Other Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications
IV. Current Recommendations and Implemementation
V. Summary
References
D. Diabetes Mellitus
CHAPTER 31: Obesity and the Risk for Diabetes
I. Introduction
II. Definitions and Classifications of Obesity and Diabetes
III. Why Are the Obese at Risk?
IV. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 32: Nutrition Management of Diabetes Mellitus
I. Introduction
II. Energy Intake and Body Weight Management
III. Macronutrient Intake
IV. Selected Micronutrients
V. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 33: Nutrition Management for Gestational Diabetes
I. Introduction
II. Screening and Diagnosis
III. Complications
IV. Nutrition Management
V. Clinical Outcomes
VI. Pharmacological Agents
VII. Physical Activity
VIII. Postpartum Follow-up
IX. Prevention
X. Conclusion
References
E. Cancer
CHAPTER 34: Interaction of Nutrition and Genes in Carcinogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Background and Definitions
III. Mechanisms of Diet-Gene Interactions
IV. Methodological Issues
V. Diet-Gene Interactions and Cancer
VI. Future Directions
References
CHAPTER 35: Nutrition and Cancers of the Breast, Endometrium, and Ovary
I. Introduction
II. Nutritional Factors and Breast Cancer
III. Endometrial Cancer
IV. Ovarian Cancer
V. Summary and Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 36: Nutrition and Prostate Cancer
I. Introduction
II. Descriptive Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer
III. Studies of Diet in Relation to Prostate Cancer
IV. Genetics and Gene-Environment Interactions
V. Dietary Intervention Trials
VI. Conclusion and Implications for Prevention and Treatment
References
CHAPTER 37: Nutrition and Colon Cancer
I. Introduction
II. Model 1: Bile Acids, Dietary Components
III. Model 2: Cooked Foods
IV. Model 3: Insulin Resistance
V. Model 4: DNA Methylation
VI. Model 5: Cell Growth Regulators
VII. Food Intake Relationships
VIII. Prevention of Colon Cancer
References
F. Gastrointestinal Health and Disease
CHAPTER 38: Intestinal Microflora and Diet in Health
I Introduction
II. Distribution and Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microflora
III. Bacterial Colonization, Succession, and Metabolism
IV. Functions of the GI Tract Microflora
V. Methodology for Studying Intestinal Microflora
VI. Influence of Diet on Intestinal Microflora
VII. Challenges in the Field
References
CHAPTER 39: Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Short Bowel Syndrome
I. Introduction
II. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
III. Short Bowel Syndrome
IV. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 40: Nutrient Considerations in Lactose Intolerance
I. Introduction
II. Lactose in the Diet
III. Digestion of Lactose
IV. Loss of Lactase Activity
V. Diagnosis of Lactose Maldigestion
VI. Lactose Maldigestion and Intolerance Symptoms
VII. Lactose Digestion, Calcium, and Osteoporosis
VIII. Dietary Management for Lactose Maldigestion
IX. Gene Therapy for Lactose Intolerance
X. Summary
References
CHAPTER 41: Nutritional Considerations in the Management of Celiac Disease
I. Introduction
II. Symptoms of Celiac Disease
III. Diagnosis of Celiac Disease
IV. Treatment of Celiac Disease with a Gluten-Free Diet
V. Management of the Complications of Celiac Disease
VI. Summary
References
CHAPTER 42: Nutrition and Cystic Fibrosis
I. Overview of Cystic Fibrosis
II. Malnutrition in Cystic Fibrosis
III. Nutrition Assessment
IV. Nutrition Management
V. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 43: Current Understanding of Vitamin D Metabolism, Nutritional Status, and Role in Disease Prevention
I. Introduction
II. Metabolism of Vitamin D
III. Sources of Vitamin D
IV. Vitamin D Nutritional Status Assessment
V. Dietary Requirements
VI. Safety of Vitamin D
VII. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 44: Osteoporosis: The Early Years
I. Introduction
II. Acquiring Peak Bone Mass and Bone Strength
III. Skeletal Fragility in Children
IV. Nutrition and Development of Peak Bone Mass
V. Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 45: Osteoporosis
I. Introduction
II. The Skeleton
III. Adult Bone Maintenance
IV. Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
V. Osteoporosis Prevention and Treatment
VI. Conclusion
References
Appendix Dietary Reference Intakes (DRls)