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Titre : |
A non-invasive ecological and genetic investigation on jaguars (Panthera onca) in French Guiana
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Auteur(s) : |
Laurie Lefebvre, Auteur (et co-auteur)
Niklas Tysklind, Responsable de stage Rachel Berzins, Responsable de stage AgroParisTech, Etablissement de soutenance |
Type de document : | Mémoire |
Filière : | M. : EFT -- Ecologie des Forêts Tropicales |
Sujets : | Jaguar ; Guyane française ; Génétique ; Puma ; Régime alimentaire ; Animal domestique ; Animal de travail |
Résumé : |
Multiple anthropic pressures disturb ecosystem functioning. The conversion of natural habitats to agricultural and urban areas, mining activities, and forest exploitation are factorsthat have strong negative impacts on wild felids. Jaguar makes no exception, and, in spite oftheir major importance as keystone predators, some aspects of their biology and ecology remain unknown. So far, the ecology of the elusive Neotropical wild felid has been studied in French Guiana by The National Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS) through direct methods such as camera trapping, and satellite tracking. But these methods are not sufficient to fully understand jaguar‟s biology, especially its diet habits, which can enlighten the existing conflicts between humans and jaguars. Indeed, jaguars are in jeo[...]
Multiple anthropic pressures disturb ecosystem functioning. The conversion of natural habitats to agricultural and urban areas, mining activities, and forest exploitation are factorsthat have strong negative impacts on wild felids. Jaguar makes no exception, and, in spite oftheir major importance as keystone predators, some aspects of their biology and ecology remain unknown. So far, the ecology of the elusive Neotropical wild felid has been studied in French Guiana by The National Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS) through direct methods such as camera trapping, and satellite tracking. But these methods are not sufficient to fully understand jaguar‟s biology, especially its diet habits, which can enlighten the existing conflicts between humans and jaguars. Indeed, jaguars are in jeopardy because of habitat fragmentation and dwindling numbers of wild prey on the coastal area of French Guiana. Consequently, jaguars tend to get closer to human activities, and often attack domestic animals: especially dogs but also cattle, horses, pigs, and poultry. In some South-American regions, domestic animals represent a major part of jaguar diet which leads to retaliatory measures by farmers. Hence, there is a need to better understand jaguars (andpumas) dietary behavior. An indirect method to do so is by studying fecal DNA because it provides relevant biological information for dietary studies and can also lead to species, sex, and individual identification. Non-invasive genetic sampling methods are useful to study wild felid populations, as they do not disturb animals. However, the Amazonian rainforest is achallenging tropical environment to undertake molecular fecalology as, due to the hard climatic conditions, DNA degrades fast and its quality varies greatly among fecal samples. Toour knowledge, our study is the first conducted genetic investigation that focuses on jaguarsin French Guiana. In our study, 84 fecal samples from wild felids were collected in the French Guianese Space Center (CSG) from 2011 until 2017. Two additional fecal samples from jaguars were captured outside the CSG. DNA was extracted from only 79 fecal samples, theother being too degraded. First, species and individual identity were investigated using microsatellite markers, which are a powerful genetic tool to conduct non-invasive studies on multiple, co-occurring felids. Sex identity was also examined and, finally, efforts werefocused on preparing a jaguar diet analysis using metabarcoding and high throughputsequencing (HTS) technology to evaluate how much jaguars feed on domestic livestock. Ourstudy revealed three distinct felid clusters corresponding to three different felid species: 12(i.e. 27.3%) jaguar individuals, 24 (i.e. 54.5%) individuals from a second species presumed tobe a small wild cats, and 8 (i.e. 18.2%) individuals from a third species, presumed to be pumas. Among the 12 jaguars, 4 were males and 4 were females, which leads to a sex ratioof 1:1 among the sexed samples. In terms of mark-recapture studies, 6 fecal samples wereproduced by a single male jaguar, and another 2 fecal samples were produced by a second male jaguar. All the genetic tools needed for the felid diet analysis through metabarcoding were designed using bioinformatics. All sample preparation, and the identification of species,individual, and sex and are now available at the Ecological Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, and ready for the metabarcoding analysis.
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Date de publication : | 2017 |
Format : | 80 p. / ill. coul., graph.coul., tabl. n&b., carte coul., photo coul. |
Langue(s) : | Anglais |
Lien vers la notice : | https://infodoc.agroparistech.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=222435 |
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