Infodoc : Sciences, Techniques et Culture

Part I: Nanoemulsion basics
1. General Aspects of Nanoemulsions and Their Formulation
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Structure of Nanoemulsions
1.3. Nanoemulsion Fabrication
1.4. Nanoemulsion Particle Properties
1.5. Nanoemulsion Stability
1.6. Nanoemulsion Ingredients
1.7. Physicochemical Properties of Nanoemulsions
1.8. Nanoemulsion Characterization
1.9. Applications of Nanoemulsions
1.10. Conclusion
2. Overview o[...]

Part I: Nanoemulsion basics
1. General Aspects of Nanoemulsions and Their Formulation
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Structure of Nanoemulsions
1.3. Nanoemulsion Fabrication
1.4. Nanoemulsion Particle Properties
1.5. Nanoemulsion Stability
1.6. Nanoemulsion Ingredients
1.7. Physicochemical Properties of Nanoemulsions
1.8. Nanoemulsion Characterization
1.9. Applications of Nanoemulsions
1.10. Conclusion
2. Overview of Nanoemulsion Properties: Stability, Rheology, and Appearance
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Importance of Physicochemical Properties
2.3. Stability
2.4. Rheological Properties
2.5. Appearance
2.6. Conclusions
Part II: Preparation of Nanoemulsions by Low-Energy Methods
3. Catastrophic Phase Inversion Techniques for Nanoemulsification
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The Role of Self-Assembly and Interfacial Properties in CPI
3.3. Describing CPI Using Phase Diagrams and Emulsification Maps
3.4. CPI Using Solid Particles
3.5. The Effect of Hydrodynamic Processing and Physicochemical Variables
3.6. Conclusions
4. Transitional Nanoemulsification Methods
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The Role of PEGylated Nonionic Surfactants on Transitional Emulsification Methods
4.3. Transitional Emulsification Methods, Emulsion Phase Inversion, Spontaneous Emulsification, and Universality of the Process
4.4. Applications of Transitional Nanoemulsions for Encapsulation of Active Principle Ingredients
4.5. Conclusion
Part III: Production of Nanoemulsions by Mechanical Methods
5. General Principles of Nanoemulsion formation by High-Energy Mechanical Methods
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Mechanical Basis for Making and Breaking Droplets
5.3. Dynamics of Droplet Formation and Stabilization
5.4. Introducing the High Energy Methods
5.5. Summary and Notes on the Particularities of Nanoemulsion
6. Fabrication of Nanoemulsions by Rotor-Stator Emulsification
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Classification of Rotor-Stator Emulsification Devices
6.3. Modes of Operation of Rotor-Stator Devices
6.4. Engineering Description of Rotor-Stator Emulsification
6.5. Strategies to Minimize Emulsion Droplet Sizes
6.6. Examples of the Successful Production of Nanoemulsions in Rotor-Stator Processes
6.7. Conclusion
7. Fabrication of Nanoemulsions by High Pressure Valve Homogenization
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Design and Principles of Operation
7.3. Drop Fragmentation and Coalescence Mechanisms
7.4. Scale-up and Scale-down
7.5. Heat Generation and Temperature Rise
7.6. Suitability for Nanoemulsion Formation
7.7. Conclusions and Final Remarks
8. Fabrication of Nanoemulsions by Microfluidization
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Microfluidizer Elements
8.3. EDS Reduction by Microfluidization
8.4. Factors Influencing the Properties of Nanoemulsions Produced by Microfluidization
8.5. Applications and Recent Developments in Nanoemulsions Produced by Microfluidization
8.6. A Case Study on Production of β-Carotene Nanoemulsions by Microfluidization for Encapsulation Purposes
8.7. Conclusions
9. Fabrication of Nanoemulsions by Ultrasonication
9.1. Introduction
9.2. A Historical Prospective of UAE
9.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ultrasound Emulsification
9.4. Principles of Ultrasonic Homogenization
9.5. Recent Advances in Ultrasound Equipment Design for Nanoemulsification
9.6. Factors Affecting the Efficiency of UAE Process
9.7. Storage Stability and Functionality of Ultrasound-Mediated NEs
9.8. Conclusion and Further Remarks
10. Fabrication of Nanoemulsions by Membrane Emulsification
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Direct ME vs. Premix ME
10.3. Comparison Between Membrane Emulsification and Microfluidic Emulsification
10.4. Comparison Between Membrane and Conventional Homogenization
10.5. Microporous Membranes for Emulsification
10.6. Equipment for Membrane Emulsification
10.7. Prediction of Mean Drop Size in Direct ME
10.8. Factors Affecting Droplet Size in Premix ME
10.9. Microemulsions vs. Nanoemulsions
10.10. Factors Affecting Formation of Micro/Nanoemulsions via Membrane Emulsification
10.11. Preparation of Micro/Nanoemulsions Using Direct ME
10.12. Preparation of Nanoemulsions Using Premix ME
10.13. Production of Nanoparticles from Nanoemulsions Prepared by ME
10.14. Conclusions
Part IV: Application of Nanoemulsions
11. Application of Nanoemulsions in foods
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Nanoemulsion Formulation for Food Applications
11.3. Delivery of Bioactive Compounds
11.4. Delivery of Micronutritive Compounds
11.5. Delivery of Flavors and Colors
11.6. Product Structuring
11.7. Antimicrobial Agents
11.8. Conclusions and Perspectives
12. Application of Nanoemulsions in Formulation of Pesticides
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Traditional Pesticide Formulations
12.3. Developments of Pesticide Nanoemulsions
12.4. Influencing Factors for Formation and Stability of Pesticide Nanoemulsions
12.5. Application Performance of Pesticide Nanoemulsions
12.6. Conclusion and Further Remarks
13. Application of Nanoemulsions in Drug Delivery
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Drug Delivery Applications
13.3. Nanoemulsions for Vaccine Delivery
13.4. Nanoemulsions for Gene Delivery
13.5. Conclusion and Future Prospects
14. Application of Nanoemulsions in Cosmetics
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Challenges for Cosmetics Nanoemulsions
14.3. Formulation Processes
14.4. Controlling Nanoemulsion Stability and Texture
14.5. Examples of Cosmetic Applications
14.6. Conclusions
15. Application of Nanoemulsions in the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Polymer Nanoparticles From Nanoemulsions
15.3. Inorganic Nanoparticles From Nanoemulsions
15.4. Polymer/Inorganic Hybrid Nanoparticles From Nanoemulsions
15.5. Further Applications in Synthetic Processes of Nanoparticles Prepared in Nanoemulsions
15.6. Summary and Perspectives
Part V: Characterization and Analysis of Nanoemulsions
16. Characterization of Particle Properties in Nanoemulsions
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Particle Size
16.3. Particle Concentration
16.4. Particle Charge
16.5. Particle Physical State
16.6. Interfacial Characteristics
16.7. Conclusions
17. Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Nanoemulsions
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Appearance
17.3. Stability
17.4. Rheology
17.5. Conclusion
18. Characterization of Gastrointestinal Fate of Nanoemulsions
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Overview of Gastrointestinal Fate of Nanoemulsions
18.3. Changes in Nanoemulsion Properties During GIT Travel
18.4. In Vitro and In Vivo GIT Models for Nanoemulsions
18.5. Conclusions
19. Safety of Nanoemulsions and Their Regulatory Status
19.1. Introduction
19.2. Safety of Nanoemulsions
19.3. Regulatory Status of Nanoemulsions
19.4. Conclusion and Perspectives