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Titre : |
Effects of Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a potential EndocrineDisrupting Chemical, on a terrestrial insect : The Egyptian cottonLeafworm Spodoptera littoralis
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Auteur(s) : |
Amandine Aviles, Auteur (et co-auteur)
Martine Maïbèche-Coisné, Directeur de thèse (et co-directeur) |
Type de document : | Thèse |
Résumé : |
Endocrine disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have raised many concerns in the past decades as regards their effects on human health and the environment. Indeed, as EDCs target the hormonal system, they can affect many biological processes such as development, fecundity and behavior. Amongst EDCs, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer and is consequently present everywhere in the environment. In vertebrates, DEHP induces various effects including liver pathologies and carcinogenesis, gonad malformations, altered fecundity, hormonal modifications, immune defects, metabolic changes and even behavioral disorders. In contrast, few studies have been done on insects, while they represent most of animal biodiversity and play crucial roles in the ecosystems. However, variou[...]
Endocrine disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have raised many concerns in the past decades as regards their effects on human health and the environment. Indeed, as EDCs target the hormonal system, they can affect many biological processes such as development, fecundity and behavior. Amongst EDCs, Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer and is consequently present everywhere in the environment. In vertebrates, DEHP induces various effects including liver pathologies and carcinogenesis, gonad malformations, altered fecundity, hormonal modifications, immune defects, metabolic changes and even behavioral disorders. In contrast, few studies have been done on insects, while they represent most of animal biodiversity and play crucial roles in the ecosystems. However, various effects of DEHP on insects have already been reported, including modifications on development, fecundity and the immune system and altered expression of hormonal receptor genes. In this context, the aim of my thesis was to investigate the effects of DEHP on a pest moth, the Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. Moth species have been widely studied for their specific and sensitive olfactory system, in view of developing biocontrol tools. Indeed, olfaction is vital for many animal species, in particular for food foraging and mating. Besides, hormones, like ecdysteroids, have been observed to regulate olfaction. Ecdysteroids are steroids, which exert a critical role in development, reproduction, olfaction and sexual behavior, by binding to the receptor complex Ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) – ultraspiracle (USP). Consequently, as DEHP was shown to alter steroid pathways in vertebrates, the main hypothesis was that DEHP could alter Spodoptera littoralis development and sexual behavior by interfering with ecdysteroid signaling pathways. By rearing larvae with DEHP-contaminated food and recording the effects on larvae and in the resulting adults, we found effects of DEHP exposure on both life-stages. In larvae, low and intermediate concentrations of DEHP induced an increase in food consumption with no effect on weight gain, together with a modification of the metabolic profile and a decrease of the Usp gene expression preceding metamorphosis. In adult males, we recorded the effects during the scotophase and found that DEHP induced an increase in the hemolymphatic ecdysteroid level for the highest dose and a general decreased expression of EcR, Usp and other ecdysteroidresponsive genes (i.e. E75, E78, calmodulin) in the antennae. Male sexual behavior was also affected at intermediate concentrations, albeit the effects were quite small and not occurring for every concentration. All in all, those results demonstrate that DEHP could be considered as an EDC in S. littoralis, since it affected hormonal dependent endpoints, in particular hormonal levels and hormone receptor gene response. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that DEHP acts as an antagonist of the 20- hydroxyecdysone, the main biologically active ecdysteroid. Besides, given the variety of the observed results, DEHP would likely affect several pathways in insects, as observed in vertebrates. Further experiments would thus be required to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of this chemical on insects. In particular, as DEHP induced delayed effects on adults exposed to this chemical as larvae, it is tempting to hypothesize that DEHP could also induce epigenetic mechanisms in insects as it was suggested for vertebrates.
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Editeur(s) : | Paris [France] : Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France (Agreenium) |
Date de publication : | 2017 |
Format : | 1 vol. (256 p.) |
Note(s) : |
Bibliographie p. 250
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Langue(s) : | Anglais |
Lien vers la notice : | https://infodoc.agroparistech.fr/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=195413 |
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![]() Aviles Amandine 2017 Adobe Acrobat PDF |