Part I. General View of Cosmetic Science and Technology 
Chapter 1. General Aspects of Cosmetics in Relation to Science and Society: Social, Cultural, Science, and Marketing Aspects 
1.1. Cosmetic Science and Society 
1.2. The Establishment of Humans and Society 
1.3. Society and the Foundation of Cosmetic Culture 
1.4. The Culture of Cosmetics and Establishment of Cosmetic Philosophy: A Case Study in Japan 
1.5. Progress of Scientific Technology and Hist[...]
                                        
                                                                                    
                                                Part I. General View of Cosmetic Science and Technology 
Chapter 1. General Aspects of Cosmetics in Relation to Science and Society: Social, Cultural, Science, and Marketing Aspects 
1.1. Cosmetic Science and Society 
1.2. The Establishment of Humans and Society 
1.3. Society and the Foundation of Cosmetic Culture 
1.4. The Culture of Cosmetics and Establishment of Cosmetic Philosophy: A Case Study in Japan 
1.5. Progress of Scientific Technology and History of the Cosmetics Industry in Japan 
1.6. Science, Technology, and Social Demands 
1.7. Science, Technology, and Marketing 
Chapter 2. Global Cosmetic R&D Trends Unveiled From Past IFSCC Award-Winning Papers 
2.1. Introduction 
2.2. The International Federation of Societies of Cosmetic Chemists 
2.3. Tracing the History of Articles Presented at IFSCC Congresses/Conferences 
2.4. Trends Interpreted From Award-Winning Papers 
2.5. Conclusion 
Chapter 3. Basic Physical Sciences for the Formulation of Cosmetic Products 
3.1. Introduction 
3.2. The Basic Sciences of Cleansing 
Chapter 4. Scouting to Meet Unmet Needs 
4.1. Introduction 
4.2. Value of Technology Scouting 
4.3. Technology Scout 
4.4. Scouting Organization 
4.5. Organizational Scouting Models 
4.6. Scouting Function 
4.7. General Scouting Process 
4.8. Challenges 
4.9. Front-end Homework/Creation of the “Needs” Brief 
4.10. Scouting Resources 
4.11. Why Do You Need It? 
4.12. Conclusions 
Chapter 5. New Aspects of Cosmetics and Cosmetic Science 
5.1. The Scope of Cosmetic Science 
5.2. Technologies That Support Cosmetic Science 
5.3. Functions of the Skin 
5.4. Conclusions 
Chapter 6. Psychology of Cosmetic Behavior 
6.1. Prehistory of Cosmetics 
6.2. History of Cosmetics 
6.3. Psychology of Skin Care 
6.4. Psychology of Makeup 
6.5. Psychology of Fragrance 
6.6. Cosmetic Behavior as an Emotion Control Device 
Chapter 7. Dermatological Benefits of Cosmetics 
7.1. Introduction 
7.2. Skin Care Products 
7.3. Antiwrinkle and Antiaging Agents 
7.4. Acne Cosmetics 
7.5. Hair Growth Agent 
7.6. Antiperspirants and Deodorants 
7.7. Makeup Products 
7.8. Conclusions 
Chapter 8. Development of Cosmetics and Intellectual Property Rights 
8.1. Introduction 
8.2. The Need for Intellectual Property Rights 
8.3. What Is an Intellectual Property Right? 
8.4. Chapter I Patent Law 
8.5. Chapter II Design Patent Law 
8.6. Chapter III Trademark Law 
8.7. Chapter IV Copyrights 
8.8. Chapter V Unfair Competition Prevention Law 
8.9. Chapter VI Cooperative Research and Development Agreement in Research and Development of Cosmetics 
8.10. In Conclusion 
Chapter 9. Regulations on Cosmetics 
9.1. Introduction 
9.2. Regulations on Cosmetics per Region 
9.3. Labeling 
9.4. Cosmetics Ingredient Restrictions 
9.5. Closing Remarks 
Part II. Fundamental Resources for Cosmetics 
Chapter 10. Introduction to Cosmetic Materials 
10.1. Introduction 
10.2. Purposes of Cosmetic Materials 
10.3. Precautions on Choosing and Using Cosmetic Ingredients 
10.4. Future Challenges in Cosmetics Material Development 
10.5. Closing Remarks 
Chapter 11. Nomenclature of Ingredients 
11.1. Introduction 
11.2. History 
11.3. INCI Basics 
11.4. Botanical Names 
11.5. INCI Names and CAS 
11.6. INCI Names and CosIng 
11.7. Applying for an INCI Name 
11.8. Conclusions 
Chapter 12. Water 
12.1. Introduction 
12.2. Basic Physical Properties and Biological Roles of Water 
12.3. Cell Membranes and Water 
12.4. The Skin and Water 
12.5. Conclusions 
Chapter 13. The Use of Polymers in Cosmetic Products 
13.1. Rheology Modifiers 
13.2. Precise Molecular Tailoring for Simultaneous Enablement of Contrasting Qualities 
13.3. Polymers That Modify Surfaces 
13.4. Transfer-Resistant Color Cosmetics 
13.5. Film-Forming Polymers in Cosmetics and Personal Care Products 
13.6. Hair-Conditioning Polymers 
13.7. Polymers for the Treatment of Skin 
13.8. Polymers as Controlled Release Matrices 
13.9. Dendritic Polymers 
13.10. Polymeric Antimicrobials and Bacteriostats 
13.11. Environmental and Ecological Considerations 
13.12. Summary 
Chapter 14. Powders and Inorganic Materials 
14.1. History of Powders in Cosmetics 
14.2. Powders Used in Cosmetics 
14.3. Conclusions 
Chapter 15. Surfactants 
15.1. Introduction 
15.2. Characteristics and Classification of Surfactants 
15.3. Micellization of Surfactants 
15.4. Solubility of Surfactants 
15.5. Adsorption of Surfactants 
15.6. Mixed Surfactant Systems 
15.7. Conclusions 
Chapter 16. Emollients 
16.1. Introduction 
16.2. Types of Emollients 
16.3. Evaluation of Emollients 
16.4. The Future of Emollients 
Chapter 17. Bioactive Ingredients: Benefits of Cosmetics Stimulated Through Biological Aspects 
17.1. Introduction 
17.2. Development Directions of Bioactive Ingredients 
17.3. Overview of Pigmented Spots 
17.4. Overview of Antiaging Focusing on Wrinkling 
17.5. Conclusions 
Chapter 18. Fragrance 
18.1. Introduction 
18.2. Natural Products 
18.3. Aroma Chemicals 
18.4. Fragrance Creation and Duplication 
18.5. Polarity 
18.6. Fragrance Applications 
18.7. Physical Chemistry of Aroma Chemicals 
18.8. Encapsulation and Controlled Release 
18.9. Antibacterial Effects of Essential Oils 
18.10. Malodor 
18.11. Safety and Regulatory Concerns 
18.12. The Regulation of Fragrance 
18.13. Natural, Green, Organic, and Sustainable Fragrances 
18.14. Fragrance and the Mind 
18.15. The Fragrance Brief 
18.16. Conclusions 
18.17. A Basic Fragrance Library 
Chapter 19. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 
19.1. Introduction 
19.2. Chemistry of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 
19.3. Proteins and Amino Acids as Biochemical Compounds 
19.4. Amino Acids in Cosmetics 
19.5. Peptides in Cosmetics 
19.6. Proteins in Cosmetics 
19.7. Conclusions 
Chapter 20. Botanical Ingredients 
20.1. Introduction 
20.2. Botanical Substances 
20.3. Regulations Regarding Botanical Substances 
20.4. Organic Cosmetics 
20.5. The Effectiveness of Botanical Substances 
20.6. The Future and Challenges in Botanical Substance Development 
20.7. Closing Remarks 
Chapter 21. Functional Materials for Hair 
21.1. Introduction 
21.2. Functional Materials for Hair Shampoos 
21.3. Co-Washing/Conditioning Washing/Cleansing Conditioners 
21.4. Mild Shampoos 
21.5. Alternatives for Sulfates 
21.6. Pre-Damage/Pre-Shampoos 
21.7. Conditioners 
21.8. Interactions With Hair 
21.9. Hair Damage and Its Causes 
21.10. Conditioning Polymers: Silicone Oils and Derivatives 
21.11. Silicone-Free Alternatives 
21.12. Leading Global Hair Care Market Trends 
21.13. New Age of Connectivity 
21.14. Products Having “Free-From” Claims 
21.15. Botanical/Herbal Ingredients 
21.16. Sun Care–Inspired Solutions: Ultraviolet Protection 
21.17. Skin Care–Inspired Solutions: Antipollution/Reconstruction 
21.18. Color Statements/Protection/Renewal 
21.19. Antiaging 
21.20. Scalp Protecting 
21.21. Sensorial Experience: Long-Lasting Fragrance 
21.22. Sustainable Solutions: Use of Natural/Renewable Ingredients/New Product Forms 
21.23. Consumer Needs and Drivers 
21.24. Conclusions 
Chapter 22. Nanotechnology in Cosmetics 
22.1. Introduction 
22.2. Skin Structure and Function 
22.3. Major Nanocosmeceutical Applications 
22.4. Nanoparticles Used in Cosmetics 
22.5. Toxicity of Nanoparticles 
22.6. Safety Requisites for a Blooming Beauty 
22.7. Nanomaterials and the EU Cosmetics Regulations 
22.8. Nanocosmeceuticals in Market 
22.9. Future Trends in Nanocosmeceuticals 
22.10. Conclusions 
Part III. Physicochemical Aspects and Formulations 
Chapter 23. Wetting and Surface Characterization 
23.1. Introduction 
23.2. Wetting on the Flat Surfaces 
23.3. Wetting on Rough Surfaces 
23.4. Super Water- and Oil-Repellent Surfaces Resulting From Fractal Structure 
23.5. Wetting Phenomena in Cosmetic Science and Technology 
23.6. Future Perspectives on the Wetting Technologies in Cosmetics 
Chapter 24. Molecular Structure and Phase Behavior of Surfactants 
24.1. Introduction 
24.2. Notations in Phase Diagram 
24.3. Phase Diagram in Surfactant System 
24.4. Self-Organized Structure 
24.5. Anionic Surfactants 
24.6. Cationic Surfactants 
24.7. Nonionic Surfactants 
24.8. Sugar-Based Surfactants 
24.9. Conclusions 
Chapter 25. Lamellar Gel Network 
25.1. Introduction 
25.2. Unique Advantages of Lamellar Gel Networks 
25.3. α-Gel 
25.4. Cetostearyl Alcohol 
25.5. Surfactants for Lamellar Gel Networks 
25.6. Multiphase Network Structure 
25.7. Lamellar Gel (Lβ) Phase 
25.8. Bulk Water Phase 
25.9. Oil Phase 
25.10. Fatty Alcohol Hydrated Crystal 
25.11. Stability of Lamellar Gel Network 
25.12. Formulation Spaces of Various Lamellar Gel Networks 
25.13. Summary 
Chapter 26. Polymer–Surfactant Interactions 
26.1. Introduction 
26.2. Homopolymer–Ionic Surfactant Systems Show Association 
26.3. Polyelectrolyte–Surfactant Systems May Show Two-Step Association 
26.4. Amphiphilic Polymer Self-assembly 
26.5. Phase Separation Is Common for Polymer–Surfactant Mixtures 
26.6. Gels: Thermal Gelation, Chemical Gels, and Microgel Particles 
26.7. Surfactant–Polyelectrolyte Mixtures at Interfaces 
Chapter 27. Rheology of Cosmetic Formulations 
27.1. Introduction 
27.2. Rheological Parameters and Their Measurements 
27.3. Surfactant Solutions, Their Micellar Structures and Rheological Properties 
27.4. Surfactant Solutions and Additives 
27.5. Microemulsions 
27.6. Emulsions 
27.7. Hydrogels and Organogels 
27.8. Foams 
27.9. Liquid Crystals 
Chapter 28. Emulsion and Emulsification Technology 
28.1. Introduction 
28.2. Definition and Classification of Emulsion 
28.3. Properties of Surfactant on Emulsification 
28.4. Selection of Emulsifier Suitable for Applications: Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance Number 
28.5. Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance Number of Oil (Required HLB Number) 
28.6. Destabilizing Factors of Emulsions and Their Handling Methods 
28.7. Emulsification Methods 
28.8. Conclusion 
Chapter 29. Microemulsions and Nano-emulsions for Cosmetic Applications 
29.1. Introduction 
29.2. Microemulsions 
29.3. Nano-emulsions 
29.4. Cosmetic Applications of Microemulsions and Nano-emulsions 
29.5. Microemulsion and Nano-emulsion Components 
29.6. Percutaneous Absorption of Actives From Microemulsions and Nano-emulsions 
29.7. Conclusions 
Chapter 30. Effect of Molecular Assembly for Emulsion and Gel Formulations 
30.1. Introduction 
30.2. Formation and the Characterization of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals and α-Gels 
30.3. Molecular Assembly and Emulsion 
30.4. Liquid Crystal Emulsification 
30.5. Application of Molecular Assemblies to Functional Cosmetics 
30.6. Conclusions 
Chapter 31. Liposomes for Cosmetics 
31.1. Introduction 
31.2. Property of Phospholipids 
31.3. Liposomes 
31.4. Liposome Formation Conditions 
31.5. Morphology of Liposomes 
31.6. Stability of Liposomes 
31.7. Effectiveness of Liposome Formulations 
31.8. Cutaneous Absorption of Liposome Formulations 
31.9. Closing Remarks 
Chapter 32. Skin Care Cosmetics 
32.1. Introduction 
32.2. Functions of Skin Care Cosmetics 
32.3. Structuring Components and Technology of Skin Care Cosmetics 
32.4. Solubilization 
32.5. Ultrafine Emulsification 
32.6. Emulsions 
32.7. Emulsification 
32.8. Recent Progress of Oil-in-Water Emulsification in Skin Care Cosmetics 
32.9. Conclusion 
Chapter 33. Body Care Cosmetics 
33.1. Introduction 
33.2. Body Cleansers 
33.3. Mildness to Skin and Sensory Feeling 
33.4. Foaming Technology 
33.5. Reconsideration for Satisfying Both Detergency and Skin Mildness 
33.6. Conclusion 
Chapter 34. Makeup Cosmetics 
34.1. Introduction 
34.2. Types and Characteristics of Foundations 
34.3. Makeup Finishes 
34.4. Other Factors 
34.5. Conclusion 
Chapter 35. Ultraviolet Care Cosmetics 
35.1. Importance of Sun Care Cosmetics 
35.2. Sunscreen Agents 
35.3. Required Functionality as Sun Care Cosmetics 
35.4. Evaluation and Declaration of Sunscreen Capacity for Cosmetics 
35.5. Summary 
Chapter 36. Hair Care Cosmetics 
36.1. Functions of Hair Care Cosmetics 
36.2. Shampoos 
36.3. Hair Conditioners 
36.4. Hair Styling Products 
36.5. Hair Coloring Products 
36.6. Permanent Hair Waving Products 
36.7. Conclusions 
Chapter 37. Sensory Measurement—Evaluation and Testing of Cosmetic Products 
37.1. Introduction—Why Sensory Analysis? 
37.2. Haptic—Sensory Fundamentals 
37.3. Application of Sensory for Cosmetics 
37.4. Influence of Raw Material Formulation on the Sensor 
37.5. Procedures and General Factors Influencing Sensory Test Methods 
37.6. Methods 
37.7. Focus Test Requirements of the Descriptive Profile Test 
37.8. Future Outlook 
Chapter 38. Structural Analysis of Formulations 
38.1. Introduction 
38.2. Colloidal Dispersion System 
38.3. Characterization of Colloids 
38.4. Micelles 
38.5. Liquid Crystals 
38.6. Emulsions 
38.7. Conclusion 
Chapter 39. Increasing Productivity by Reducing Carbon Footprint in Cosmetics Processing 
39.1. Introduction 
39.2. Understanding the Nature and Effects of Variables 
39.3. The Principle of Less Is More 
39.4. Low-Energy Emulsification 
39.5. Different Ways to Carry Out Low-Energy Emulsification 
39.6. The Importance of Finding the Z-Point 
39.7. An Example of “Less Is More” Low-Energy Emulsification Processing 
39.8. Low-Energy Emulsification to Prevent Batch Failure, Improve Product Quality, and Save Energy 
39.9. Using Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance Method to Find Optimal Surfactant Combinations for Emulsification 
3.10. Solubilization Method in Low-Surfactant Emulsification 
39.11. Other Applications of “Less Is More” Principle and Low-Energy Emulsification 
39.12. Conclusions 
Part IV. Physiological and Dermatological Aspects 
Chapter 40. Structure and Function of Skin From a Cosmetic Aspect 
40.1. Introduction 
40.2. Role of the Skin 
40.3. Fundamental Structure of the Skin 
40.4. Epidermis 
40.5. Dermis 
40.6. Appendages 
40.7. Regional Variation of the Skin 
40.8. Barrier Functions of the Skin 
40.9. Conclusions 
Chapter 41. Skin Lipids 
41.1. Introduction 
41.2. Lipids in Skin 
41.3. Epidermal Lipid Synthesis 
41.4. Skin Surface Lipid 
41.5. Lipid Mediators 
41.6. Lipids in Cosmetics 
41.7. Barrier Care (Repair) Using Cosmetics to Improve Skin Disease 
Chapter 42. Structural Aspects of Stratum Corneum 
42.1. Introduction 
42.2. X-ray Diffraction Study on Stratum Corneum 
42.3. Highly Sensitive Detection of Minute Structural Change on Applying Chemical Agents 
42.4. Penetration Route of Hydrophilic Molecules in Stratum Corneum 
42.5. Penetration Route of Hydrophobic Molecules in Stratum Corneum 
42.6. Behavior of Water in Stratum Corneum 
42.7. Water Regulation Mechanism in Stratum Corneum at the Molecular Level 
Chapter 43. Skin Aging 
43.1. Difference Between Aging and Senescence 
43.2. Senescence From the Molecular Level to the Systemic Level 
43.3. Progress and Issues in Senescence Research 
43.4. Chronic Inflammation and Senescence 
43.5. Sirtuin and Resveratrol 
43.6. Strategies in Research on Skin Aging 
43.7. Issues to be Resolved and Future Considerations 
Chapter 44. Melanogenesis 
44.1. Introduction 
44.2. Instances of Skin-Lightening QDs Developed in Japan 
44.3. Conclusions 
Chapter 45. Sensitive Skin 
45.1. Introduction 
45.2. Assessment of Sensitive Skin 
45.3. Conclusions 
Chapter 46. Skin Penetration 
46.1. Introduction 
46.2. A Little Bit About History 
46.3. Skin Structure/Properties 
46.4. Factors Affecting the Skin Barrier 
46.5. Assessing the Skin Barrier 
46.6. Overcoming the Skin Barrier 
46.7. Skin Penetration 
46.8. Evaluation of Skin Penetration 
46.9. Future Directions 
Chapter 47. Effects of Air Pollution on Skin: Dermatologic Options 
47.1. Introduction 
47.2. Materials and Methods 
47.3. Results 
47.4. Discussion 
47.5. Conclusions and Future Considerations 
Chapter 48. Hair Physiology (Hair Growth, Alopecia, Scalp Treatment, etc.) 
48.1. Introduction 
48.2. Basic Concepts, Hair Biology, Cause of Hair Loss, and Treatments 
48.3. Hair Growth–Promoting Compounds 
48.4. Light-Emitting Diodes, Lasers, and Other Cosmetic Surgeries 
48.5. Growth Factor Cocktail, Cell Culture Media Injection, and Platelet-Rich Plasma 
48.6. Hair Transplantation 
48.7. Future Treatment in Cosmetics: Regeneration of Hair Follicles by Autologous Cell-Based Therapy for Hair Loss 
48.8. Summary and Future Directions 
Chapter 49. Clinical Evaluation and Instrumental Techniques in Dermatology 
Chapter 50. Safety Evaluation 
50.1. Introduction 
50.2. What Is Safety? 
50.3. How Should We Consider the Safety of Cosmetics and Their Ingredients? 
50.4. To What Extent We Should Assure the Safety of Cosmetics? 
50.5. Process of Safety Evaluation 
50.6. Implementation of Safety Tests 
50.7. Reevaluation After Launch 
50.8. Conclusion 
Chapter 51. Safety Assessment of Cosmetic Ingredients 
51.1. Introduction 
51.2. Toxicological Study 
51.3. Current Update 
51.4. International Test Guidelines 
51.5. International Trends in Regulatory Use for Cosmetics 
51.6. Conclusion
                                            
                                            
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