1. Introduction
PART I: SKIN TYPES
2. Biophysical Characteristics of the Skin in Relation to Race, Sex, Age, and Site
3.Functional Map and Age-Related Differences in the Human Face: Nonimmunologic Contact Urticaria Induced by Hexyl Nicotinate
4. The Baumann Skin- Type Indicator: A Novel Approach to Understanding Skin Type
5. Ethnic Differences in Skin Properties: The Objective Data
6. Sensitive Skin: Sensory, Clinical, and Physiological Factors
1. Introduction
PART I: SKIN TYPES
2. Biophysical Characteristics of the Skin in Relation to Race, Sex, Age, and Site
3.Functional Map and Age-Related Differences in the Human Face: Nonimmunologic Contact Urticaria Induced by Hexyl Nicotinate
4. The Baumann Skin- Type Indicator: A Novel Approach to Understanding Skin Type
5. Ethnic Differences in Skin Properties: The Objective Data
6. Sensitive Skin: Sensory, Clinical, and Physiological Factors
7. Neurophysiology of Self-Perceived Sensitive-Skin Subjects by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
8. Tests for Sensitive Skin
Part II: SKIN HYDRATION
9. Mechanisms of Skin Hydration
10. Hydrating Substances
11. Skin Care Products
12. Tests for Skin Hydration
13. Skin Capacitance Imaging
14. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy for In Vivo Skin Hydration Measurement
PART III: SKIN BARRIER AND pH
15. The Correlation Between Transepidermal Water Loss and Percutaneous Absorption: An Overview
16. Role of Calcium in the Regulation of Skin Barrier Homeostasis
17. Percutaneous Penetration Enhancers: An Overview
18. Tests for Skin Protection: Barrier Effect
19. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Studies of Skin Lipid Structure
20. Human Skin Buffering Capacity: An Overview
21. Skin pH and Skin Flora
PART IV: SKIN AGING AND SUN CARE PRODUCTS
22. Skin Ageprint: The Causative Factors
23. A Quantitative Approach to Age and Skin Structure and Function: Protein,
Glycosaminoglycan, Water, and Lipid Content and Structure
25. Spectrophotometric Intracutaneous Analysis (SIAscopy)
24. Glycation End Products
26. The Visioscan-Driven ULEV and SELS Methods
27. New Trends in Antiaging Cosmetic Ingredients and Treatments: An Overview
28. Antioxidants
29. UV Filters
30. Sun Protection and Sunscreens
31. After-Sun Products
32. Skin Care Products: Artificial Tanning
33. Reconstructed Human Skin and Skin Organ Culture Models Used in Cosmetic Efficacy Testing
PART V: SKIN PERCEPTION
34. Skin Feel Agents
35. Silicones-A Key Ingredient in Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations
36. Sensory Effects and Irritation: A Strong Relationship
37. Decorative Products
38. Skin Radiance Measurement
39. Tribological Studies on Skin: Measurement of the Coefficient of Friction
40. Skin Wettability and Friction
PART VI: SKIN TOLERANCE
41. Classification of Irritant Contact Dermatitis
42. Principles and Mechanisms of Skin Irritation
43. Mechanism of Skin Irritation by Surfactants and Anti-Irritants for Surfactant-Based Products
44. In Vivo Irritation
45. Noninvasive Clinical Assessment of Skin Irritation/Inflammation
46. Detecting Skin Irritation Using Enhanced Visual Scoring: A Sensitive New Clinical Method
47. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate-lnduced Irritation in the Human Face: Regional and Age-Related Differences
48. Irritation Differences Between Genital and Upper Arm Skin and the Effects of Emollient Application
49. Ethnicity as a Possible Endogenous Factor in Irritant Contact Dermatitis: Comparing the Irritant Response Among Caucasians, Blacks, and Asians
50. In Vitro Skin Irritation Testing on SkinEthic™-Reconstituted Human Epidermis: Reproducibility for 50 Chemicals Tested with Two Protocols
51. Reconstructed Corneal and Skin Models
52. Seawater Salts: Effect on Inflammatory Skin Disease
53. Allergy and Hypoallergenic Products
54. Operational Definition of a Causative Contact Allergen-A Study with Six Fragrance Allergens
55. Anti-Itch Testing: Antipruritics
56. Comedogenicity in Rabbit: Some Cosmetic Ingredients/Vehicle
PART VII: TARGHED COSMETICS
57. Skin- Whitening Agents
58. Skin Whitening: New Hydroquinone Combination
59. Anticellulite Products and Treatments
60. Baby Care Products
61. Cosmetics for the Elderly
62. Antiperspirants
63. Deodorants
64. Revulsive Products: Way of Action and Evaluation of Their Efficacy
65. Cooling Ingredients and Their Mechanism of Action
66. Oral Cosmetics
67. Hair Conditioners
68. Measuring Hair
69. The Normal Nail
70. Nail Cosmetics: Handle of Skin Care
PART VIII: COSMETICS VEHICLE
71. Surfactants: Classification
72. Encapsulation to Deliver Topical Actives
73. Elastic Vesicles as Topical/Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems
74. Polymers Effect on Chemical Partition Coefficient Between Powdered Human Stratum Corneum and Water
PART IX: ETHICS AND REGULATIONS
75. General Concepts of Ethics in Human Testing
76. Values and Limitations of Bioengineering Measurements
77. The Current Regulatory Context in the European Union
78. Trends in Cosmetic Regulations in the U.S.A.
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