1 - Biopolymers: State of the Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities
Biopolymers: A Niche For Fundamental Research in Soft Matter Physics
Biopolymers: An Endless Source of Applications
Topics Covered by the Book
2 - General Overview of Biopolymers: Structure, Properties, and Applications
Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides
Cellulose
Cellulose Extraction
Nanocellulose
Microfibrillated Cellulose
Cellulose Nanowhiskers
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1 - Biopolymers: State of the Art, New Challenges, and Opportunities
Biopolymers: A Niche For Fundamental Research in Soft Matter Physics
Biopolymers: An Endless Source of Applications
Topics Covered by the Book
2 - General Overview of Biopolymers: Structure, Properties, and Applications
Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides
Cellulose
Cellulose Extraction
Nanocellulose
Microfibrillated Cellulose
Cellulose Nanowhiskers
Hemicelluloses
Galactomannans
Konjac Glucomannan
Xylan
Xyloglucan
Pectins
Biocomposites
Natural Fiber Composite
Cellulose Composites
Cellulose-Polymer Interactions
Semi-Solid Composites
3 - Biopolymers from Plants
Lipid and Phenolic Biopolymers
The Biopolymer Cutin
Cutin Monomers: Biosynthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics
Molecular Architecture of Cutin
Cutin Biosynthesis
Lignin
Monomer Precursors and Chemical Reactivity
Lignin Biosynthesis
Suberin
Chemical Composition
Biosynthesis and Fine Structure
Carbohydrate Biopolymers: Polysaccharides
Structural Polysaccharides
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin
Storage Polysaccharides
Starch
Fructans: Inulin
Other: Gums (Guar Gum, Gum Arabic, Gum Karaya, Gum Tragacanth, and Locust Bean Gum)
Isoprene Biopolymers: Natural Rubber
cis-Polyisoprene
Occurrence
Composition, Structure, and Properties
cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Biosynthesis
Applications
trans-Polyisoprene
Concluding Remarks
4 - Bacterial Biopolymers and Genetically Engineered Biopolymers for Gel Systems Application
Nucleic Acid Biopolymers: Central Dogma
Microbial Polysaccharides as Biopolymers
Synthesis and Applications
Microbial Biopolymers as Drug Delivery Vehicle
E-Poly-L-Lysine (E-PL) and Its Applications
Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Its Applications
Polyanhydrides
Recombinant Protein Polymer Production
Recombinant Genetically Engineered Biopolymer: Elastin
Collagen as an Ideal Biopolymer
Microbial Recombinant Collagens: Production in Pichia Pastoris
Biopolymers for Gel System
Hydrogels of Biopolymers for Regenerative Medicine
Polysaccharide Hydrogels
Cellulose-Derived Biopolymers-Based Hydrogels
Protein Biopolymers-Based Hydrogels
Supermacroporous Cryogel Matrix from Biopolymers
Protein Cryogel
Biopolymers Impact on Environment
5 - Biopolymers from Animals
Chitin and Hyaluronic Acid in the Living World
Milestones in Chitin History
From Trehalose to Chitin
Chitin Synthase
Regulation of Chitin Synthesis in Fungi
Organization of Chitin in the Fungal Cell Wall
Organization of Chitin in the Arthropod Cuticle
Chitin-Organizing Factor
Secretion and Cuticle Formation
Transcriptional Regulation of Cuticle Production
Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors
Noncuticular Chitin in Insects
Chitin as a Structural Element
Application of Chitin
6 - Polymeric Blends with Biopolymers
Starch-Based Blends
Polymer Selection for Starch Blending
Starch Structure
Uncompatibilized Blends
Compatibilization
Composites
Blends with Chitosan (One Amino Group Too Much ... )
Future Perspectives
Biopolymer Plasticization
Blend Morphology and Compatibilization
Blend Processing: Technological Aspects References
7 - Macro-, Micro-, and Nanocomposites Based on Biodegradable polymers
Biodegradable Polymers
Classification
Agro-polymers: The Case of Starch
Native Starch Structure
Plasticized Starch
Biodegradable Polyesters
Polyesters Based on Agro-Resources
Petroleum- Based Polyesters
Biocomposites
Generalities
The Case of Biocomposites Based on Agro-polymers
Cellulose Fiber Reinforcement
Lignin and Mineral Fillers
The Case of Biocomposites Based on Biopolyesters
Generalities
The Case of Biocomposites Based on Aromatic Copolyesters Nanobiocomposites
Generalities
Nanobiocomposites Based on Agro-polymers (Starch)
Whisker-Based Nanobiocomposites
Starch Nanocrystal-Based Nanobiocomposites
Nanoclay-Based Nanobiocomposites
Nanobiocomposites Based on Biopolyesters
Poly(lactic acid)-Based Nanobiocomposites
Polyhydroxyalkanoate- Based Nanobiocomposites
Polycaprolactone-Based Nanobiocomposites
Biodegradable Aliphatic Copolyester-Based Nanobiocomposites
Aromatic Copolyester-Based Nanobiocomposites
8 - IPNs Derived from Biopolymers
Types of IPNs
IPNs Derived from Biopolymers
Alginate
Agarose
Chitosan
Starch
Dextran
Gum Arabic
Fibrinogen
Collagen and Gelatin
Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives
Polyhydroxyalanoates
Lactide-Derived Polymers
Manufacture of IPNs
Casting-Evaporation Processing
Emulsification Cross-Linking Technique
Miniemulsion/Inverse Miniemulsion Technique
Freeze Drying Technique
Characterization of IPNs
Morphological and Structural Characterization
FTIR Spectroscopy
Mechanical Characterization
Rheological Characterization
Swelling Behavior Characterization
Thermal Characterization
Applications of IPNs
Drug Delivery Applications
Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Other Biomedical Applications
Antibacterial Applications
Sensor, Actuators, and Artificial Muscle Applications
9 - Associating Biopolymer Systems and Hyaluronate Biomaterials
Synthesis and Self-Association of Hydrophobically Modified Derivatives of Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid in Aqueous Solution
General Aspects of Association in Amphiphilic Polyelectrolytes
Synthesis and Behavior in Aqueous Solution of Hydrophobically Modified Water-Soluble Derivatives of Chitosan
Synthesis and Behavior in Aqueous Solution of Hydrophobically Modified Water-Soluble Derivatives of Hyaluronic Acid
Design of Novel Biomaterials Based on Chemically Modified Derivatives of Hyaluronic Acid
Nanoassemblies Based on Amphiphilic Hyaluronic Acid
Hydrogels for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering
Strategies for the Cross-Linking of HA to Obtain Scaffolds for Cells
Engineering Biological Functionality in Hyaluronic Acid-Based Scaffolds
Patterning of Hyaluronic Acid
10 - Polymer Gels from Biopolymers
Experimental Methods
Polymerization and Gelation Kinetics
Fluoroprobe-Polymer Interactions
Real-Time Monitoring of Monomer Conversion
Sol-Gel Transition and Universality Discussion
Imprinting the Gels
Heterogeneity of Hydrogels
Effect of Ion Doping on Swelling Properties and Network Structure of Hydrogels
Current Measurements for Searching the InternaI Morphology of the Gels
Ionic p-Type and n-Type Semiconducting Gels
Electrical Properties of Ionic p-Type and n-Type Semiconducting Gels
Polymeric Gel Diodes with Ionic Charge Carriers
11 - Conformation and Rheology of Microbial Exopolysaccharides
Conformation of Polysaccharides
Secondary Solid-State Structures for Microbial Polysaccharides
No Secondary Solid-State Structure
Single-Chain Conformation
Simple or/and Double Helices
Double Helix
Triple Helix
Conformation in solution: Solution Properties and Applications
Dextran and Pullulan
Hyaluronan
Xanthan
Succinoglycan
Gelling Properties in the Presence of Salts
Beta(1-4)-D-Glucuronan
Polysaccharide
Gellan and Similar Polysaccharides
Beta(1-3)-D-Glucans
YAS 34
12 - Sulfated Polysaccharides in the cell Wall of Red Microalgae
Sulfated Polysaccharides from red Microalgae – General Overview
Sulfated Polysaccharides of Red microalgal Cell walls: Chemical Aspects
Proteins in the Cell Wall of Red Microalgae
Rheology of Red Microalgal Polysaccharide Solution
Modifications of the Sulfated Polysaccharides
Red Microalgal Sulfated Polysaccharide Bioactivities
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